Types of Farming
Based on the production the agriculture is classified into
1) Traditional system (in land)
2) Green house farming
Basically agriculture is classified into
1) Organic farming
2) In-organic farming
In Organic farming, it is further classified into
1) Zero-Budget farming (Natural farming)
2) Organic farming
Other strategies based on other principles & techniques for the quality and profit, the following types are also in use
1) Integrated farming
2) Bio-dynamic farming (organic)
Now, we can see each of the above briefly
1) Organic Farming:
Organic farming system in India is not new and is being followed from ancient time. It is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating the land and raising crops in such a way, as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes (bio fertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-friendly pollution free environment.
The following links give various information about organic farming
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_farming_practices.html
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_index.html
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/org_farm.html
The difference between conventional farming and organic farming is explained in this link
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_of%20vs%20con%20fasrming.html
2) Integrated farming:
At present, the farmers concentrate mainly on crop production which is subjected to a high degree of uncertainty in income and employment to the farmers. In this contest, it is imperative to evolve suitable strategy for augmenting the income of a farm.
Integration of various agricultural enterprises viz., cropping, animal husbandry, fishery, forestry etc. have great potentialities in the agricultural economy. These enterprises not only supplement the income of the farmers but also help in increasing the family labor employment.
The integrated farming system approach introduces a change in the farming techniques for maximum production in the cropping pattern and takes care of optimal utilization of resources.
The farm wastes are better recycled for productive purposes in the integrated system.
A judicious mix of agricultural enterprises like dairy, poultry, piggery, fishery, sericulture etc. suited to the given agro-climatic conditions and socio-economic status of the farmers would bring prosperity in the farming.
The following link explains everything about integrated farming
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_ifs.html
3) Zero budget farming:
Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) or holistic agriculture is a method of agriculture that counters the commercial expenditure and market dependency of farmers for the inputs like fertilizers and pesticides. The method involves locally obtainable natural bio-degradable materials and combine scientific knowledge of ecology and modern technology with traditional farming practices based on naturally occurring biological processes. Zero budget farming methods are promoted by agri-scientists like Subash Palekar and Masanobu Fukuoka (Natural Farming). While conventional agriculture uses synthetic pesticides and water-soluble synthetically purified fertilizers, zero budget farmers are restricted by regulations to using natural pesticides and fertilizers. The principal methods of ZBNF include crop rotation, green manures and compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation. These measures use the natural environment to enhance agricultural productivity: legumes are planted to fix nitrogen into the soil, natural insect predators are encouraged, crops are rotated to confuse pests and renew soil, and natural materials such as potassium bicarbonate and mulches are used to control disease and weeds. Organic farmers are careful in their selection of plant breeds, and organic researchers produce hardier plants through plant breeding rather than genetic engineering.
http://palekarzerobudgetspiritualfarming.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Budget_Farming
An article in detail about zero – budget farming in Tamil
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/ta/org_farm/pdf/zero_budget_spl_tech_ta.pdf
4) Bio – dynamic farming:
This type of farming uses the traditional science & practices used in agriculture and the whole cycle of the processes done until harvest is based on it.
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_biodynmic.html
5) Green – house farming:
Greenhouse farming are often high tech production facilities for vegetables or flowers. It implements many techniques and technologies like Hydroponics and Aeroponics to increase the production. The greenhouses once were often used only for Horticulture but now, vegetables like tomato, cabbage, chilly are being produced
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_Greenhouse%20cultivation.html
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agricultural_engineering/greenhouse.pdf
http://www.tnau.ac.in/aecricbe/aetc/swc19.htm
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_flower%20crops_gerbera.html
http://tmu.ac.in/gallery/viewpointsdcip2013/pdf/track4/T-410.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroponics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroponics
